Пояснение для абитуриентов и студентов: материал составлен по Учебнику «Английский язык для юристов» (Ильин В.В., 2014 – 5-е издание). Ниже приведены ключи к упражнениям и тестам, которые чаще всего используются в вузах Украины при подготовке к экзаменам и ЗНО-2026 с юридическим профилем. Все формулировки приведены в соответствии с официальной терминологией 2025–2026 уч. года: использованы UK ENGLISH варианты слов, если в задании не указано иное.
Как пользоваться этим сборником
- Найдите номер упражнения/теста в вашей рабочей тетради или учебном дневнике.
- Сверяйте ответ с таблицей ниже.
- Обратите внимание на пометки:
- (alt) – допустимый альтернативный вариант ответа;
- (UK) – норма британского английского, применяемая при сдаче ЗНО 2026;
- (US) – вариант американского английского, который преподаватели могут принимать, но который не рекомендуется в ЗНО.
Раздел 1. Legal Systems and Sources of Law
Unit 1.1 Exercise 1. Match the legal systems with their descriptions.
- 1 Common Law – d) based on case law and precedents;
- 2 Civil Law – c) derived from Roman law tradition;
- 3 Religious Law – a) based on holy books;
- 4 Customary Law – b) rooted in traditions of indigenous peoples.
Unit 1.1 Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps.
- The statute is a written law passed by a legislative body.
- Judicial precedent is a decision used as a source for future cases.
- Delegated legislation allows ministers to make detailed rules.
- The doctrine of stare decisis obliges judges to follow earlier decisions.
Unit 1.2 Test (Multiple Choice)
| Вопрос | Правильный ответ |
|---|---|
| 1 Which system is predominant in Scotland? | b) Mixed (civil + common law) |
| 2 The European Court of Justice is bound by … | a) its own previous decisions |
| 3 Ratio decidendi means … | c) the legal principle behind the decision |
Раздел 2; Legal Profession
Unit 2.1 Exercise 3. Complete the table.
| Профессия | Основные функции (UK) |
|---|---|
| Solicitor | gives legal advice, drafts documents, represents clients in lower courts |
| Barrister | specialized advocacy in higher courts, provides expert opinions |
| Judge | interprets and applies law impartially |
| Paralegal | assists lawyers with research, document management |
Unit 2.2 Test (True/False)
- True: A barrister cannot be directly instructed by a lay client (except Public Access).
- False: Solicitors may not appear in the Supreme Court (solicitor-advocates can).
- True: The Legal Services Act 2007 introduced Alternative Business Structures.
Раздел 3. Contract Law
Unit 3.1 Exercise 4. Match terms with definitions.
- Offer – a clear statement of willingness to contract on certain terms;
- Acceptance – unqualified agreement to the terms of an offer;
- Consideration – something of value exchanged between the parties;
- Intention to create legal relations – presumed in commercial agreements but not in social/domestic ones.
Unit 3.2 Mini-test (Gap-fill)
1 An invitation to treat is not an offer (example: goods on supermarket shelf).
2 A counter-offer acts as a rejection of the original offer.
3 The postal rule states acceptance takes effect when posted (UK rule).
4 Privity of contract means only parties to the contract can sue or be sued.
Раздел 4. Tort Law
Unit 4.1 Exercise 5. Identify the tort.
- A surgeon operates on the wrong leg – battery (trespass to person).
- Defendant spreads false statement damaging claimant’s reputation – defamation.
- Manufacturer sells dangerously defective product – negligence & product liability.
Unit 4.2 Test (Choose the best remedy)
| Ситуация | Remedy |
|---|---|
| Loss of future earnings after negligent driving | Compensatory damages |
| Continuing nuisance from neighbour’s noise | Injunction |
| Defamation published online | Injunction + damages + apology |
Раздел 5. Company & Employment Law
Unit 5.1 Exercise 6. Fill in the blanks.
- A company has separate legal personality distinct from its shareholders.
- Directors owe fiduciary duties of loyalty and care.
- Unfair dismissal claims must be filed within three months of termination.
- Redundancy payments are calculated based on age, length of service and weekly pay.
Раздел 6. Criminal Law & Procedure
Unit 6.1 Exercise 7. Match the element of the crime.
- Actus reus – the guilty act;
- Mens rea – the guilty mind/intention;
- Strict liability – no mens rea required for certain regulatory offences;
- Defences – self-defence, duress, insanity.
Unit 6.2 Test (Short Answer)
Q: What is the difference between burglary and robbery?
A: Burglary involves entering building as trespasser with intent to commit offence; robbery requires force or threat of force immediately before or during theft.
Раздел 7. International & EU Law
Unit 7.1 Exercise 8. Put the legal instruments in hierarchical order (descending).
- EU Regulations – directly applicable in every member state;
- EU Directives – binding as to the result, choice of form/method left to states;
- Decisions – binding on those to whom addressed;
- Recommendations & Opinions – no binding force.
Контакты для обращений и уточнений
Если вы нашли расхождение между вашим экземпляром учебника и предложенными ключами, или хотите получить разбор конкретного задания, пожалуйста, обращайтесь:
- Email-консультация:
- legalenglish@knu.ua – Кафедра юридической лингвистики КНУ им. Т. Шевченко (ответ в течение 48 часов)
- zno@osvita.ua – Украинский центр оценивания качества образования (по вопросам ЗНО-2026)
- Онлайн-чат Telegram:
- t.me/englaw_chat – ежедневно 09:00–21:00 киевское время
- Горячая линия МОН Украины:
- 0 800-50-45-57 (бесплатно со всех операторов)
- Очные консультации:
- г. Киев, ул. Владимирская 60/7, корпус 3, ауд. 402 – пн, чт 14:00–17:00
- г. Львов, ул. Коперника 3, каб. 215 – вт, пт 13:00–16:00
Внимание! При обращении укажите номер упражнения, номер строго по учебнику Ильина 2014, 5-е издание, и вашу учебную группу или ВУЗ для более точного ответа.